Hundreds have died and thousands are missing after glacial collapse triggered catastrophic floods in Nepal and Tibet, turning a border disaster into a wider warning over climate vulnerability.
Swiss glacier collapse caused no deaths last year because early-warning systems were in place; the Nepal-Tibet disaster lacked those protections, sharply worsening the toll.
The report argues the floods were driven not only by accelerating glacier melt and ice-and-rock landslides, but also by flawed development policies such as building on vulnerable floodplains.
At least 639 people were reported missing earlier in Nepal, even as rescuers searched Rasuwagadhi hydropower tunnels where up to 46 trapped workers were thought possibly alive.
The disaster is framed as a test of climate justice, with calls for richer countries including the UK to increase adaptation, loss-and-damage funding, and disaster-preparedness support.