Peak estimates for the 1833 Leonid storm topped 100,000 meteors an hour, turning Nov. 12-13 into the famed “night the stars fell” across North America east of the Rockies.
Nine hours of near-continuous meteors stunned witnesses from Vermont to Missouri, with some reports estimating more than 240,000 meteors as people woke to the glare and feared the world was ending.
The storm helped shift scientific thinking by pushing meteors beyond the category of atmospheric phenomena, while also leaving cultural marks on Native American calendars and religious interpretations by figures including Joseph Smith.
This year’s Leonid shower is expected to peak around 1:30 a.m. on Nov. 18 under moonless skies, though observers are not expected to see anything close to the 1833 outburst.